CNC machine tools are technology-intensive equipment integrating mechatronics. Whether the machine tool can operate reliably for a long time depends to a large extent on its use and maintenance.

1. Precautions when using CNC machine tools: The entire processing process of CNC machine tools is completed in accordance with digital procedures by a CNC system composed of a large number of electronic components. If the workpiece is scrapped or a safety accident occurs due to the failure of the CNC system or execution components during processing, There is generally nothing the operator can do. Therefore, the requirements for the stability and reliability of CNC machine tools are more important. For this reason, the following issues should be paid attention to when using CNC machine tools.

(1) Usage environment of CNC machine tools: Generally speaking, CNC machine tools have no special requirements for the use environment and can be placed in the production workshop like ordinary machine tools. However, direct sunlight and other thermal radiation should be avoided, and places that are too humid or dusty should be avoided, especially places with corrosive gases. Corrosive gases are most likely to cause corrosion and deterioration of electronic components or cause poor contact. Or it may cause components to short-circuit, affecting the normal operation of the machine tool. Stay away from equipment with large vibrations, such as punch machines, forging equipment, etc. For high CNC machine tools, anti-vibration measures (such as anti-vibration trenches, etc.) should also be taken. For high-precision and expensive CNC machine tools, it is ideal to use them in an air-conditioned environment.

(2) Power supply requirements: CNC machine tools adopt dedicated power supply lines (separate one line from the low-voltage power distribution room for use by CNC machine tools) or add a voltage stabilizing device, which can reduce the impact of power supply quality on machine tools and electrical interference.

(3) CNC machine tools should have operating procedures: Operating procedures are one of the important measures to ensure the safe operation of CNC machine tools. Operators must operate according to the operating procedures. When a machine tool fails, the operator should pay attention to retaining the scene and truthfully explain the situation before and after the failure to the maintenance personnel. This will facilitate analysis and diagnosis of the cause of the failure, troubleshooting in a timely manner, and reduce downtime.

(4) CNC machine tools should not be stored for a long time: after purchasing CNC machine tools, you must make full use of them and try to increase the utilization rate of the machine tools, especially in the first year of use, so that the weak links that are prone to failure are exposed as soon as possible. , the hidden dangers of faults should be eliminated as much as possible within the warranty period. If the factory has no production tasks and the CNC machine tool is not used for a long time, it should be powered on regularly. It can be powered on 1 to 2 times a week and run dry for about 1 hour each time to use the heat generated by the machine tool itself to reduce the humidity inside the machine. This prevents electronic components from getting damp, and at the same time, it can detect in time whether a battery alarm occurs to prevent the loss of system software and parameters.

(5) Work with a certificate: Operators must not only have qualification certificates, but also have to receive special operation training based on the machine tool used by technicians before taking up the job. They must be familiar with the instructions and the structure, performance, and characteristics of the machine tool, and master the instruments and switches on the operating panel. , the functions and instructions of the knobs and buttons, blind operation and misuse are strictly prohibited.

(6) Compressed air meets standards: The pressure of compressed air required by CNC machine tools should meet standards and be kept clean. It is strictly forbidden to use ungalvanized iron pipes for pipelines to prevent rust from clogging the filter. It is necessary to regularly check and maintain the gas and liquid separators to prevent moisture from entering the gas line. Install a gas and liquid separation and filtering device outside the machine tool's air pressure system to increase protection links.

(7) Correct selection of cutting tools: Correct selection of high-quality cutting tools can not only give full play to the processing efficiency of machine tools, but also avoid unnecessary failures. The specifications and dimensions of the tool should meet the technical requirements, otherwise the tool change operation will not proceed smoothly.

(8) Detect each coordinate: Before processing the workpiece, each coordinate must be detected, the program reviewed, and the processing program simulated and tested normally before processing.

(9) Prevent collisions: Before the equipment returns to the "machine zero point", "working zero point...'control zero point" operation, it must be determined that the movement direction of each coordinate axis is free of obstacles to prevent collisions.

(10) Do not dismantle key components at will. The CNC machine tool has a simplified mechanical structure, reliable sealing, and increasingly perfect self-diagnosis functions. During daily maintenance, except for cleaning the exterior and specified lubrication parts, other parts must not be disassembled and cleaned. for key components. Devices such as grating rulers of CNC machine tools must not be collided or dismantled at will.

(11) Do not change parameters at will: The safe storage of various parameters and basic setting programs of CNC machine tools directly affects the normal operation and performance of the machine tool. Operators are not allowed to modify them at will. If improper operation causes a malfunction, the situation should be explained to the maintenance personnel in time. In order to find fault clues and deal with them.

The inclined bed CNC lathe adopts an inclined structure, and the bed is a hollow structure, which greatly improves the bending and torsional rigidity of the machine tool during operation, and at the same time has high stability. The high rigidity and high stability of the inclined bed CNC lathe provide a strong guarantee for the high precision of machine tool processing.

Inclined bed CNC lathes are mainly used for processing complex rotating parts. It can meet the processing of internal and external circles, step surfaces, cones, spherical surfaces, grooves, threads and complex curved surfaces. It can satisfy the rough and finishing machining of copper, aluminum, iron, stainless steel and other casting and forging blanks.

The inclined bed CNC lathe has good reliability, strong rigidity, high precision, long life and high speed. It can reliably and stably complete the rough, fine and finishing processing of various difficult-to-machine materials. The rotary tower knife is used, which has high positioning accuracy and small deformation during heavy cutting.

The impact of cutting processing on workpiece quality includes surface decarburization, residual stress, machining allowance, surface smoothness, removal of carbon-poor layer, etc. This is when the workpiece is in the tempering, normalizing, and annealed state, and the hardness is lower than 45HRC. However, the effect is not significant and will not constitute a change in the potential function of the workpiece.

Hard machining refers to the processing of hardened steel or workpieces. The higher hardness of 50-65HRC, materials such as bearing steel, high-speed steel, roll steel, general quenched steel and quenched mold steel, has a significant impact on the cutting process. . The factors that cause a certain degree of damage to the surface of the processed workpiece mainly include cutting heat generation and conduction, high-speed friction and wear during the cutting process. The integrity of the surface processed by hard cutting mainly includes the surface structure and its thickness, surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, distribution of residual stress and white layer generation.

The surface hardness of the processed workpiece increases with the decrease of feed amount and cutting amount, and increases with the increase of cutting speed. The higher the hardness of the machined workpiece surface, the greater the depth of the hardened layer. The surface of the workpiece after hard cutting is full of residual compressive stress, while the compressive stress of the workpiece after grinding is mainly concentrated on the surface of the workpiece.

The factor that affects the surface integrity of the workpiece is the hardness of the workpiece. The greater the hardness value of the workpiece, the more beneficial it is to the formation of residual compressive stress. The larger the obtuse radius of the tool used in cutting processing, the greater the value of residual compressive stress; the higher the hardness of the workpiece, the greater the value of residual compressive stress.

The formation of the white layer is another important factor affecting the quality of the surface of the workpiece processed by hard cutting. A kind of tissue structure formed along with the hard cutting process is the white layer. The white layer has common grinding characteristics, namely high hardness, good corrosion resistance and high brittleness. Higher brittleness can easily cause early shedding failure, or even cause the workpiece to crack after being left for a period of time after processing.

When operating a CNC lathe, you should first pay attention to how to set the tool. Otherwise, the tool will collide during processing, and the machine tool safety plate will be seriously damaged. The tool setting method is as follows:

1. The tool setting operation process is as follows. First, carve a cylindrical shape on the machine tool. The extended length is slightly longer than the actual processed part. If you want to cut, leave the width of the cutting knife. At this time, the machine tool returns to the origin position.

2. Call up the program of the part to be processed, and then call out the subprogram where the tool number is located. If it is tool No. 5, set its correction parameter to 0 first. At this time, use a single program to start, that is, start once and run one step. Program.

 3. when running to the 0 o'clock position of No. 5 tool, the machine chuck rotates, the machine tool is set to manual operation, moves No. 5 tool, and when No. 5 tool touches the cylindrical end face, enter MZ0.00 in the correction number of No. 5 tool , then the tool moves backward, from the side to the cylinder. When the tool tip touches the outer longitude of the cylinder, enter the diameter of the cylinder in the correction number of tool No. 5. If it is 10.32, enter MX10.32. At this time, move the tool out , return the X-axis and Z-axis to their origins. The No. 5 tool is basically aligned.

4. In actual machining, there is an error between the size of the part processed by No. 5 tool and the drawing size. At this time, tool compensation is required. For example, if the outer diameter is 0.05 larger and the length is 0.1 longer, you have to make corrections with No. 5 tool. Enter U-0.05 and W-0.1 respectively on the number, then the No. 5 knife is really correct.

5. Pay special attention to it. If the tool is worn and the machining dimensions are out of tolerance, tool compensation must be performed. Pay special attention to this.